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Ma On Shan Iron Mine

     You might not know that Hong Kong is relatively rich in mineral deposits. The Ma On Shan Iron Mine in Sha Tin, played a significant role in the mining development of Hong Kong for over 50 years. It was the only mine in the region that underwent large-scale development in Hong Kong. The mine was in operation from 1906 to 1976. 

Establishment of the Iron Mine

     The development of the Ma On Shan Iron mine was led by the discovery of iron ore in Ma On Shan by two Australians working for a prominent merchant Sir Catchick Paul Chater in 1906. It is also notable that during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong in the 1940s, the Japanese army had hired around 1500 miners engaging in mine exploitation. In 1949, the Mutual Trust Company, established by a Taishan merchant, obtained the mining rights of the iron mine and exported iron ore to Japan.  

Golden Era of the Iron Mine

     After World War II, the Allied Forces assisted Japan in re-industrialization due to the hostile Cold War, resulting in a high demand for iron ore. At the same time, the influx of refugees to Hong Kong during the Chinese Civil War also provided manpower for the iron ore mine. Additionally, the assistance provided by a Japanese mining company between 1954 and 1963 helped the Mutual Trust Company in developing the latest technology, which enabled the Ma On Shan Iron Mine to thrive. 

The Decline of the Iron Mine

     Despite steady development in the mine from 1964 to 1976, the depletion of the ore deposits and the rise of cheaper imports eventually made the mine uneconomical to operate. The closure of the mine symbolised the decline of mining in Hong Kong. 

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WhatsApp 圖片 2023-03-22 11.0c8.01.jpg

馬鞍山礦場

     你或不知道,香港有著豐富的礦石資源。在沙田的馬鞍山礦場蘊藏著香港最大的鐵礦,也是歷史上唯一進行大規模開發的礦場。它由1906年營運至1976年,見證了超過半世紀的礦業發展歷史。 

礦場初期

     早於1906年,著名房地產公司的創辦人遮打爵士雇用的兩位澳洲人,他們發現了馬鞍山的豐富鐵礦資源。在1940年代的日佔時期,日軍曾聘用約1500名礦工進行採礦。1949年,由一位台山商人建立的大公洋行獲得了礦場的採礦權,並出口礦石至日本。 

礦場的全盛時期

     二戰後,由於冷戰局勢惡化,盟軍改為扶助戰敗國日本,幫助其再度工業化,因此對鐵礦的需求急速提升。同時,由於中國內戰,大量難民湧入香港,成為了開採鐵礦的重要人力資源。於1954至1963年期間,一家日本礦業公司更向大公洋行提供幫助,傳入最新科技,使礦場能夠蓬勃發展。 

礦場的衰落 

     在1960年代中期,基於礦藏枯竭及大量低廉的進口貨品進駐香港,大公洋行無力繼續營運礦場。礦場70年的歷史就此告一段落,也同時象徵著香港礦業的沒落。

Copyright 圖片版權
取自馬鞍山民康促進會 Retrieved from Ma On Shan Promotion of Livelihood & Recreation Association

Reference 參考文獻
Antiquities and Monuments Office: Declared Monuments in Hong Kong - New Territories, retrieved from https://www.amo.gov.hk/en/historic-buildings/monuments/new-territories/monuments_39/index.html 
Chinese Temple Committee: Che Kung Temple, Sha Tin, retrieved from https://www.ctc.org.hk/b5/directcontrol/temple21.asp 
Home Affairs Department: Hong Kong Fun in 18 District – Tsang Tai Uk , Retrieved from: https://www.gohk.gov.hk/en/spots/spot_detail.php?spot=Tsang+Tai+Uk 
Home Affairs Department: Sha Tin District, retrieved from https://www.had.gov.hk/en/18_districts/my_map_14.htm 
Hong Kong Intangible Cultural Heritage Database: Che Kung (General Che) Festival, retrieved from https://www.hkichdb.gov.hk/zht/item.html?078214d9-28ac-4700-8c45-5eb4885311b4 
Hong Kong Tourism Board: Sha Tin Racecourse, retrieved from  
Hong Kong Tourism Board: Tsang Tai Uk , Retrieved from: https://www.discoverhongkong.com/eng/interactive-map/tsang-tai-uk.html 
https://entertainment.hkjc.com/entertainment/english/learn-racing/racing-legacy-and-encyclopedia/racing-legacy.aspx 
https://www.discoverhongkong.com/in/interactive-map/shatin-racecourse.html 
The Hong Kong Jockey Club: Racing Legacy and Encyclopedia, retrieved from 


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